How to Make a Computer Operating System

Operating systems allow people to interact with computer hardware; they're made out of hundreds of thousands of lines of code. They are usually made with the C, C++, and assembly programming languages.

Steps

1. 
   1
   Learn programming before you begin. Assembly language is essential; another supplementary low level language such as C is strongly recommended.
2. 1. 
      2
      Decide what media you want to load your OS on. It can be a CD drive, DVD drive, flash drive, a hard disk, a floppy disk, or another PC.
   2. 
      3
      Decide what you want your OS to do. Whether it is a fully capable OS with a graphical user interface (GUI) or something a bit more minimalistic, you'll need to know what direction you are taking it before beginning.
   3. 
      4
      Target what processor platform your operating system will support. IA-32,ARM, and x86_64 are the most common for personal computers so they're your best bet.
   4. 
      5
      Decide if you would rather do it all yourself from the ground up, or if there is an existing kernel you would like to build on top of. Linux from scratch is a project for those that would like to build their own Linux distro, for example.
   5. 
      6
      Decide if you're going to use your own boot-loader or a pre-created one such as Grand Unified Bootloader (GRUB). Since coding your own bootloader will require extensive knowledge of the hardware and the BIOS, it may push back the schedule for programming of the actual kernel.
   6. 
      7
      Decide what programming language to use. While it is possible to create an operating system in a language such as Pascal or BASIC, you will be better off using C or Assembly. Assembly is absolutely necessary, as some vital parts of an operating system require it. C++, on the other hand, contains keywords that need another fully-built OS to run.

      • In order to compile an operating system from C or C++ code, you will, of course, be using one compiler or another. You should, therefore, read the user guide/manuals/documentation for your chosen C/C++ compiler, whether it comes packaged with the software or is available on the distributor's website. You will need to know many intricate things about your compiler and, for C++ development, you should know about the compiler's mangling scheme and its ABI. You are expected to understand the various executable formats (ELF, PE, COFF, plain binary, etc.), and understand that the Windows proprietary format, PE (.exe), has been copyrighted.
   7. 
      8
      Decide on your application programming interface (API). One good API to choose is POSIX, since it is well documented. All Unix systems have at least partial support for POSIX, so it would be trivial to port Unix programs to your OS.
   8. 
      9
      Decide on your design. There are monolithic kernels and micro kernels. Monolithic kernels implement all the services in the kernel, while microkernels have a small kernel combined with user daemons implementing services. In general, monolithic kernels are faster, but microkernels have better fault isolation and reliability.
   9. 
      10
      Consider developing and working in a team. That way, less time is required to solve more problems, which may produce a better OS more quickly.
   10. 
       11
       Do not wipe your hard drive completely. Remember, wiping your drive will irreversibly clear out all your data! Use GRUB or another boot manager to dual-boot your system with another OS until yours is fully functional.
   11. 
       12
       Start small. Begin with small things such as displaying text and interrupts before moving on to things such as memory management and multitasking.
   12. 
       13
       Keep a backup of the last working source. This provides a measure of protection in case something goes terribly wrong with the current version of your OS or your development. If your computer crashes and is unable to boot, it is an excellent idea to have a second copy to work with so you can troubleshoot.
   13. 
       14
       Consider testing your new operating system with a virtual machine. Rather than rebooting your computer each time you make changes or having to transfer the files from your development computer to your test machine, you can use a virtual machine application to run your OS while your current OS is still running. VM applications include VMWare (which also has a freely available server product), the open-source alternative, Bochs, Microsoft Virtual PC (not compatible with Linux), and xVM VirtualBox.
   14. 
       15
       Release a "release candidate." This will allow users to tell you about potential problems with your operating system.
   15. 
       16
       An operating system can be user friendly too, so make sure to add user friendly features, making these an integral part of your design.

   16. Tips

       • Check for potential deadlocks and other bugs. Bugs, deadlocks and other problems will affect your Operating System project.
       • Be sure to implement security features as your top priority if you ever want your system to be viable.
       • Use websites such as OSDev and OSDever to help you develop your own operating system. Please note well that for most purposes, the OSDev.org community would prefer that you stick to using their wiki, and do not join the forum. If you do decide to join the forum, there are prerequisites: You are required to thoroughly know C or C++, and x86 Assembly language. You must also understand general, and complex programming concepts such as Linked Lists, Queues, etc. The OSDev community, in its rules, explicitly states that the community is not around to babysit new programmers. If you are trying to develop an operating system, it goes without saying that you are expected to be a programming "god." You are also required to have read the processor manuals for the processor architecture you have chosen; whether x86 (Intel), ARM, MIPS, PPC, etc. The manuals for a processor architecture may be easily found using a Google search ("Intel Manuals", "ARM manuals" etc). Do not join the OSDev.org forums and start asking obvious questions. It will simply result in "Read the f*** ing Manual" answers. You should try reading Wikipedia, and the manuals for the various tools you wish to use.
       • After all development is done, decide if you want to release the code as open source, or proprietary.
       • Do not start an operating system project in order to begin learning programming. If you don't already know C, C++, Pascal, or some other suitable language inside out, including pointer manipulation, low-level bit manipulation, bit shifting, inline assembly language, etc., you are not ready for operating-system development.
       • It may be a good choice to make a completely new partition for developing the OS.
       • If you want an easy way, consider Linux distros like Fedora Revisor, Custom Nimble X, Puppy Remaster, PCLinuxOS mklivecd, or SUSE Studio and SUSE KIWI. However, the operating system you create belongs to the company who started the service first (though you have rights to distribute it freely, change it and run it however you like under the GPL).

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9 Cloud Operating System You Can Try Out for Free

Cloud Computing means Internet-based computing where your data and the software are present on the Web, and the application is used as a service rather than a standalone software. You can run a virtual application or operating system within a browser which preserves your user session and your data. It’s like travelling with your own computer but without carrying its hardware.

With a Cloud operating system (also known as a Web OS), you can manage your office work, prepare projects, etc quite similar to how you do on your desktop. The beauty of the idea is that everything is stored on the Internet and hence available everywhere you go!

Want to give Cloud OS a go? Here are a few Cloud OS you can test run for free.

1. ZeroPC

ZeroPC offers you 1GB of free storage and lets you to connect cloud storage services like Box, DropBox, Google Drive, SkyDrive, SugarSync and 4Shared for access to your paperwork. ZeroPC is also available on the Android, iPhone and iPad, giving you access while on the go.

For photo lovers, it is also a great "photo management tool", linking photo & video services like Facebook, Flickr, Instagram, PhotoBucket, Picasa and Recood. Plus, it also has native apps for instant messaging, a text editor as well as productivity tools for managing documents and spreadsheets online.

2. Jolicloud

Jolicloud offers you Joli OS, which you can download and install in your system (even if it’s 10 years old) or use it in the browser. Joli OS provides you with the full cloud experience – keep and use your favorite apps any time, any where. Jolicloud has over 15,000 web apps you can access using the system.

You can integrate your DropBox and Google Drive accounts with Jolicloud and there is also a ‘Jolicloud Me’ version where you can manage all of your online life at a single place Jolicloud Me currently supports Facebook, Flickr, Instagram, Picasa, Tumblr and Twitter.

3. Glide OS

Glide OS is a good choice if you’re collaborating for a group project. Glide team offers 30GB of free storage and you can add a total of 6 users in your account. The OS is not very pretty but is quite useful; it has additional features like email and profiles as well as basic tools like Calendar, Notes, Text editor, Presentation maker, etc required for your paperwork.

Glide also provides a syncing software for Windows, Mac OS and Linux so that you can easily sync your files between Glide HD (they call it the Glide Hard Disk) and your local storage. They also have browser extensions and a mobile version.

4. SilveOS

SilveOS is a cloud operating system built on Silverlight. You can run it in any browser with Silverlight installed. It has many built-in apps which let you write, listen to music, make notes, and even play Solitaire. You can also install Silverlight apps from the web in SilveOS.

It, however, doesn’t provide any storage so it’s not the best Cloud OS for long term work. But it’s a handy tool if you often work on computers that is not yours like the office computer or at cyber cafes.

5. iSpaces Cloud Computer

iSpaces has only the basic features for you to manage your work like Browser, File manager, Notes, Office suite (Zoho office), etc. It also has 3 Workspaces accessible from the task bar. t lets you keep your working environments organized with quick access from one Workspace to the other.

You can work on your files from Box and DropBox using the file manager. iSpaces has a simple environment for you to access your files on Box and DropBox in the same view, and you can move your files from one space to another just by drag and drop. The changes will be reflected in your respective cloud storage accounts.

6. Cloudo

Although in beta stage, Cloudo is an interesting operating system built to run in your browser. It is packed with apps like Mail, Calendar, Audio Player, RSS reader, Contact manager, Word processor, Notepad, Command Line Interpreter, Finder (to search files) etc. It provides a good interface like an operating system where you can run commands, install apps, play music etc.

It handle multi-tasking quite efficiently and let you do your tasks efficiently. It also offers an Application Manager which you can use to install more apps in your Cloudo.

7. xOS

xOS doesn’t provide a lot of customization options but they do provide a good collection of apps for personal use. It offers Web browser, File manager, Text editor, Notes, Calendar, Paint, Email client, and Canvas Rider (a bicycle game) among others.

8. ZimDesk

ZimDesk is a cloud operating system full of apps and features. It has got Custom wallpapers, Office Suite, Contact Manager, RSS reader, Calendar, Mail client, FTP client, File uploader and manager etc.

9. The Places A

It’s an another cloud operating system which offers basic apps like Radio, Calendar, File manager, Bookmark manager, Notes, Email client, etc. You can add web apps to it as links which will be opened in new tabs. It also supports Instant messaging between its users.

Cloud OS is unique in the sense that you can have all your documents, designs, music, personal files, photos and videos kept online and accessible via a virtual working environment. Great for busy people who are always on the go, travelling to different places, working on different computers or mobile devices. Working on a Cloud OS, all you need is an Internet connection and you’re all set.